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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク North American Piedmontese cattle ： ウィキペディア英語版 North American Piedmontese cattle North American Piedmontese cattle are a breed of domestic beef cattle originating from an imported herd of select Italian purebred Piedmontese cattle (''Piemontese or razza bovina Piemontese''). The foundation line of breeding stock was first imported from Italy into Canada in 1979, and into the United States in the early 1980s. Piedmontese cattle are distinguished by a unique, naturally occurring gene identified as the myostatin allele mutation, or inactive myostatin gene. Myostatin prohibits muscle growth whereas an inactive gene has the opposite effect. Purebred Piedmontese are homozygous, (2 copy), which means they have two identical alleles present for this unique gene. Research indicates the presence of the myostatin allele mutation produces morphological characteristics unique to the breed, such as double-muscling, beef tenderness, reduced fat content and high yield. According to the North American Piedmontese Association (NAPA), they are the first breed registry to base animal registration requirements on the presence of this specific gene which can be easily verified by DNA testing. ==Evolution and history== (詳細はPiedmont in northwest Italy. They continue to be cultivated in Italy as a "dual-purpose animal...having very rich milk used for specialty cheese production and beef marketed as a premium product."〔 There is much speculation on the breed's evolution, but one theory by Italian professor, Silvano Maletto, is based on evidence obtained from fossil records and cave writings, and concludes that the breed descends from the ancient Aurochs cattle, and the Pakistan Zebu cattle. Reports of the first historical evidence for breeding Piedmontese cattle dates back only to the late 1800s, however, and credits the work of Italian professor, Domenico Vallada. In 1979, the Piedmontese Breeding Co-operative, Ltd. of Saskatchewan, Canada (PBL Co-op of Canada) began preparations to import the first Piedmontese cattle into North America. There had been prior attempts at importation of the breed by the PBL Co-op of Canada and other cattle breeders, but until that time the Italian Association, comprising small local farmers who wanted to maintain control of this unique gene pool, were reluctant to sell any of their purebred breeding stock.〔 Another obstacle to overcome was the range of health protocols required for international shipping. The first successful importation occurred in the fall of 1979 with the arrival of five animals into Canada. Obtaining authorization and transfers to import the first five animals was the culmination of a half decade of effort, the cost of which is estimated at $100,000 per animal based on 2014 values.〔 The following year, Canada received more Italian imports of Piedmontese cattle, including five more bulls. The next year, Italian imports arrived in the US, including three additional sire lines and two cows. It was from that genetic base that the North American breed of Piedmontese cattle first began. In 1983, the Canadian Piedmontese Association (CPA) was formed, followed by the Piedmontese Association of the United States (PAUS) in 1984. By the 1990s, imports of semen and embryos were more substantial. Today there are several bloodlines available to cattle raisers in North America.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Piedmontese, the Myostatin Breed North American History )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North American Piedmontese cattle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.